Are there any programming languages that are available and extendable in more than one natural language?
For instance, an english version with a do..while loop, a Spanish version with a hacer..mientas loop, a French version with a faire..pendant and a Dutch version with a doe..terwijl.
The only 'programming language' I can think of that sort of implements this is Microsoft VBA.
Bonus question: Why are there so few programming languages that come in multiple languages?
The function names in Excel formulas are localized, where you can use either the English wording or the local equivalent.
This has led to countless occurrences of spreadsheets breaking as you move across regions and user languages. It also makes it hard to search for information on functionality, as the local documentation is localized and doesn't mention the English names of things, and conversely, asking on SO with your local names is essentially meaningless to most readers.
Keywords should be seen as opaque monikers, which just happen to kind of align with the meaning of the English words used to spell them. There are plenty of non-English-speaking programmers out there that don't know what half their keywords mean.
In the previous century, notably in the 1960-1970s, they have been some non-English based programming languages. In France, we had PAF & LSE with French-looking keywords. WW2 Germany had Plankalküll by K.Zuze. In the Soviet Union, A.Ershov designed some languages (e.g. Rapira) with Russian keywords. IIRC PAF (designed & implemented by my late father when I was a baby - early 1960s) could also be sold with English-looking (or Russian-looking, or German-looking) keywords. And some languages, e.g. APL, didn't have any keywords at all. Other languages (PL/I) did not have reserved keywords. And you could redefine keywords with preprocessor techniques (e.g. today, in C, #define si if & #define sinon else for French students....; similar macro-based tricks are possible in PL/I or even Common Lisp).
But IT was mostly developed in an English-speaking country (the US). So programming languages and their implementations had English specification and documentation and English keywords. Hence, every developer needs to be able to read technical English, and there is no added value to "localize" programming language (and even, doing so makes using other software more difficult, as answered elsewhere). The current technical and economical dominance of English speaking countries requires all engineers to read English today (I'm sure that even North Korean, Chinese, or Iranian software engineers are able to read documentation in English and to read code with English keywords and identifiers). So there is no more enough added value to "localize" a programming language (except perhaps to teach elementary programming to high school kids).
Also, English has many short keywords (compare sinon in French to else in English, or mettre in French to put in English), so there is a tiny advantage in using keywords in English....
Perhaps in a century, China might become the dominant IT country and some Chinese-based programming language might flourish. We don't know what would happen then....
PS. The dominance of English is not specific to IT. Even if the UK leaves the European Union -the Brexit scenario-, the de-facto official E.C. language would remain English (which then won't be the language of any E.U. member countries) and H2020 ICT projects are written in English.
There are very good reasons that professional programming languages are not translated.
1) Effort: It would be an enormous task to translate a modern language. Take Java - it would be a small task to translate the 50 or so keywords, but you would also need to translate the full standard library which consists of thousands of classes and methods and related documentation.
2) Compatibility: Even if the base language and standards library were translated, you still couldn't use third party libraries and code which wasn't translated. Third party libraries and code is a major part of what makes a language attractive and useful. With translated versions, each language would have to start the ecosystem for each translation from scratch. Everyone would be worse off.
3) Programmers need to know English anyway. Lots of standards like HTTP, CSS, HTML use the English language anyway for identifiers. These cannot be translated since the words are baked into the standard.
Since programmers need to know English anyway, there would be only drawbacks and no benefits to create translated versions of programming languages.
That said, for languages intended for casual programmers as opposed to professional programmers, it might make sense to create translated versions. This is the case for VBA and I believe AppleScript also existed in translated versions.
I don't know of any other languages except possibly some really old esoteric version of BASIC, which tended to come in a lot of strange favors, so I'll stick to the bonus question: why there are so few translated programming languages:
I believe that it's simply an added complexity which compiler and library implementors don't see a great need for. Here are some reasons that contribute in my opinion.
Personally I'd love it if we were able to work with code in a more structured way, in an editor that actually understood the code as what it is, statements, instructions, etc. that would allow us to do a lot of interesting things, perhaps even support automatic translation. For anyone wondering what I'm blabbing about, check out Smalltalk's image and refactoring browser, and imagine what it could become if it had gotten more traction.
If you have a language that is defined in terms of "symbolic tags" on one level and "surface tag designators" on the other, with well-defined mappings between them, it would certainly be possible.
Imagine a language where you have your if, while ... do, switch and all other keywords defined (somehow) in the standard, you could ship system libraries in "tokenized format", with local code written in the non-tokenized form. Then the actual compiler works on the tokenized layer and may things are good.
However, this isn't the whole story. You would still end up in situations where you have libraries gotten from somewhere that isn't "the standard library", interfaced by function names. And those would not have a canonical mapping between languages and would either requiring translation into a local language to be nicely usable, or you end up with a mishmash of languages in your source code.
All answers given are great answers, but I will give my two cents anyway.
In the beginning of computing the technical, cultural and economical dominance of the USA and the UK made it only logical what the most successful languages were created using english words.
Later, as software became an industry, it also became a global endeavour. It's not a secret that there are less programmers than needed, so software companies, and specially industry-defining companies like IBM, began to hire programmers from all parts of the world: Russia, Pakistan, India, France, Germany, Israel, etc. mostly to program in already existing globally successful languages which were already english-based and also creating new languages, and for that disparate source of programmers the already existing common language was a better go than any other language.
Most recently the open source and free software movement made the creation of software an endeavour which is even more global than before. Some open software projects, including some programming platforms, languages and frameworks are huge projects involving hundreds of collaborators.
What language would a person from Israel use to collaborate with a person from Sri Lanka? Most probably they don't speak or even read each other's native tongue. So english comes to the rescue.
Like it or not, english is the language of global endeavours. And not because America is pushing it but because the world is pulling it.
Paraphrasing Jay Walker:
Your native tongue is the one you most use everyday, and will always be at the center of your heart and your brain, but with english you are part of a wider conversation.
Bottom-line:
Programming languages that use different languages will continue to exist and will continue to be invented (like graphical-token-based Scratch), but at least in the foreseeable future te hey will be comparatively few.
English is also an "accent free" language, also you have no strange character that need an encoding different from ASCII. I'm italian and sometimes I face encoding errors if I use an italian keyboard layout or accented characters like àèéìòù. Moreover "else" is translated in "altrimenti", "in" is "dentro"... that would be frustrating.
