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I've noticed that a lot of companies use "reverse domain name" namespaces and I'm curious where that practice originated and why it continues. Does it merely continue because of rote practice, or is there an outstanding architecture concept I might be missing here?

Also note questions such as: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/189209/do-you-really-use-your-reverse-domain-for-package-naming-in-java that sort of answer my question but not 100%

(If it makes you feel any better, I'm really curious if I should be using it for my javascript namespacing efforts, but I'm more curious about then when and why, and that should help guide me on the javascript answer, nota bene: "window")

Example of this practice extending to folders and files: http://imgur.com/jtdXo

Community
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jcolebrand
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    This is strange, I have never seen this before.. now I'm curious. – Jimmy Hoffa Dec 21 '12 at 21:47
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    Related post - [What is the significance of the reverse domain name for java package structure](https://stackoverflow.com/q/2475168/465053) – RBT Apr 10 '21 at 04:38

4 Answers4

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Reverse Domain Notation has its origins in Java, but is widely used in many platforms, such as Android Packages, Mac OS X Packages, JavaScript, ActionScript, and more.

The practice is extremely useful because it provides a decentralized system for namespacing software. There is no need to apply to a centralized agency for a namespace; simply use the domain name you own (reversed) and manage that within your own organization. By naming packages like this, one can be almost certain that code won't conflict with other packages.

From Oracle's Java Tutorials:

Companies use their reversed Internet domain name to begin their package names for example, com.example.mypackage for a package named mypackage created by a programmer at example.com.

Name collisions that occur within a single company need to be handled by convention within that company, perhaps by including the region or the project name after the company name (for example, com.example.region.mypackage).

It's more than a rote practice, it's good practice because it's a complete and fully specific namespace. If there were two companies named Acme and both chose the namespace acme., their code would conflict. But only one of those companies can own the domain acme.com, so they get to use the com.acme. namespace.

Reversing the domain name allows for a top-down architecture. com would contain code for companies (or anyone who owns own a .com domain name), and underneath that would company (domain) names. Then, deeper within that would be the structure of the organization and/or the actual namespace. (For example, if it was code from a network called internal.acme.com, that gives this department their own sub-namespace of com.acme.) This top-down structure is used in a number of applications, including in systems administration. (It's similar to reverse IP address lookups.)

Personally, I use it for all new JavaScript code I write for my company. It ensures that the code will never conflict with any other code, even if I later write the same code for another company. It can make accessing the code cumbersome (typing com.digitalfruition. can get a bit much) but that can easily be worked around with a closure and a local variable (var DF = com.digitalfruition).

mmyers
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Josh
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  • I should be thinking of changing the random package name of my Android app... or buy that domain. :( – jadkik94 Dec 28 '12 at 11:22
  • I am wondering if anyone found a way to solve the problem of having a company name that starts with a number like 123ABC.com, what naming convention should you use in this case, where Java would not allow you to have any class name starting with a number?! – sorin Dec 31 '14 at 15:18
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    @sorin - prefix the relevant part of your package name with an underscore. E.g., `com._123ABC`. Examples at http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/package/namingpkgs.html . – cxw Feb 25 '15 at 19:12
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It's because using namespaces reduces the chances of name conflicts tremendously, and because using your domain name (which has already been regulated) is a good way to create a global namespace.

By reversing the domain part in the namespace, you make it sortable; all names that belong to your little chunk of the namespace universe are sorted together.

And last but not least, the TLD .com is the most popular TLD on the internet, so it's used by more software developers than any other TLD.

In any case, the practice started with Java, where each and every class needs to have it's own file, and to play in a larger ecosystem the global namespace scheme was introduced to help keep classes easy to qualify.

Martijn Pieters
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Endianness

I'm not a java expert, but as to the general pattern this is just another permutation of big-endian vs little-endian, metaphorically speaking.

"Endianness" is sometimes used to describe the order of the components of a domain name, e.g. 'en.wikipedia.org' (the usual modern 'little-endian' form) versus the reverse-DNS 'org.wikipedia.en' ('big-endian', used for naming components, packages, or types in computer systems, for example Java packages, Macintosh ".plist" files, etc.). URLs can be considered 'big-endian', even though the host part could be a 'little-endian' DNS name.

In this case, its presumably for organizational purposes to allow for natural grouping / tree branching. It keeps things tidy at a higher level, and you dig down for more specific detail.

The alternative would be very flat, and meaningful / potentially useful grouping would have to be interpreted vs being intrinsic to the structure.

Ed Hastings
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    Golly, never heard endianness used to refer to the reverse-domain namespace scheme.. – Martijn Pieters Dec 21 '12 at 21:52
  • I hadn't either, until a colleague threw it out in a conversation and spawned some tangential discussion. He ref'd wikipedia (as linked to), so apparently it isn't unheard of. I had to relax my literal mind a bit to accommodate this point of view, but I can live with it. – Ed Hastings Dec 21 '12 at 22:02
  • Yeah, I can see how it could have come about, just hadn't come across the usage before. It's not the most common term for the scheme, I'd wager. – Martijn Pieters Dec 21 '12 at 22:03
  • I wouldn't take that bet; you are probably right. ;) – Ed Hastings Dec 21 '12 at 22:05
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    Yeah, this discussion of DNS endianness comes around periodically. The now-long-gone "Janus" network in the UK had its names the other-way-round, and they always said the ARPANet crowd got things backwards. – Ross Patterson Dec 21 '12 at 22:16
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    @RossPatterson: Filesystems, Operating Systems, Faceted Classification Systems, Library Filing Systems, phone numbers, *most* of them start with the root at the left and then get more specific. Heck, even most DNS name server configuration files do it that way. So, I'd agree with the Janus crowd. – Jörg W Mittag Dec 22 '12 at 03:38
  • Endianness is everywhere. Look at our date formats. We haven't been able to find a suitable one, because most of us got used to them due to our culture (thus many of us think that the ones we're using are the best). When sorting our receipts (bills), some choose to put the most recent at the top, even though the most recent's date actually has the highest value. Zip-codes is another example of endianness... In some countries, the zip-code is written after the city name, in others, it's before the country name. Sadly, a lot of programming errors are caused by the endian formats. –  Nov 21 '14 at 01:23
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    @RossPatterson Given their name, I'm surprised that Janus has an opinion on what counts as "the right way around". – TRiG Nov 21 '14 at 01:26
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I think a minor detail was not mentioned in the other answers: The reason that the .com TLD is the most popular one, is that in the early days of the Web, Web-browsers like Netscape Navigator "auto-appended" .com if it was missing in the address (eg. if the name-lookup failed). So if you typed "shareware", it would be expanded to "http://shareware.com" (or "http://www.shareware.com"; I don't remember the www detail). .com domains are probably still the most popular.