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I've been reading about Semantic Web technologies such as RDF/RDFS and "ontology", but was wondering how each of these are related? At the moment the terms all seem interchangeable, or I'm not understanding a fundamental concept here.

Webster Thesaurus
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RDF is a data model, in a similar way to how JSON is a data model.

Notably RDF has a number of save formats (serialization formats), including RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, and others.

RDFS is a vocabulary of widely used terms (URIs) to define classes and relationships, etc.

Ontologies are generally written using RDFS terms or perhaps terms from something more powerful like OWL or OWL2.

Lethargy
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