Key:defensive works

defensive_works
Description
Military constructions or buildings designed for the defence of territories in warfare Edit or translate this description.
Group: Military
Used on these elements
may be used on nodesmay be used on waysmay be used on areasshould not be used on relations
Documented values: 2
Useful combination
See also
Status: approvedPage for proposal
More details at taginfo
Tools for this tag

This key is used to tag individual defensive structures mainly at historic/pre-modern  fortifications. It is intended for all structures that were built for the defence of territories in warfare. This includes fortified settlements as well as forts that are/were uninhabited during peacetime.

Values for defensive_works=* contain terms used in fortification engineering.[1][2][3][4][5]

How to map

Individual defensive works should be mapped as node Nodes at their centre, as way Ways along a centre line or as area Areas along the outlines. The best fitting method depends on the size and shape of the structure. They should be tagged with defensive_works=* and may receive additional tags.

Mappers are encouraged to combine this tag with other tags where they are relevant. If a structure is actively used by the military, it is recommended to add a military=* tag to it.

Tagging

Key Value Description Statistics (Taginfo) Sample photo
defensive_works barbican A  barbican
defensive_works bastion A  bastion. The tag defensive_works=demi-bastion also has minor usage.
defensive_works battery A  fixed artillery battery
defensive_works batardeau A [W]batardeau[6]
defensive_works caponier A  caponier
defensive_works cavalier A  cavalier
defensive_works counterguard A  counterguard
defensive_works counterscarp A  counterscarp
defensive_works couvreface A  couvreface
defensive_works crownwork A  crownwork
defensive_works curtain_wall A  curtain wall. See also  Defensive_wall.
defensive_works faussebraye A  faussebraye; a lower wall in front of the main defensive wall of a fortification
defensive_works glacis A  glacis
defensive_works hornwork A  hornwork
defensive_works inundation_sluice A  sluice made for  military inundation
defensive_works lunette A  lunette or demi-lune is an  outwork in the shape of a half-moon.
defensive_works moat A  moat that historically provided a fortification with a preliminary line of defence.

For moats filled with water, add the tags natural=water and water=moat.
defensive_works motte A  motte
defensive_works ravelin A  ravelin
defensive_works redan A  redan
defensive_works redoubt A  redoubt
defensive_works reduit A  reduit
defensive_works roundel A  roundel
defensive_works tenaille A  tenaille
defensive_works water_gate A  water gate
defensive_works User-defined Use technical terms in fortification engineering. All commonly used values according to Taginfo

Tags to use in combination

  • name=* - if a defensive structure is named. Do not use the name of the fortification to tag individual structures.
  • heritage=* - if the structure has a heritage status. If only the entire fortification has a heritage status, do not use heritage tags for individual structures.
  • building=bunker - if the structure is a  bunker
  • start_date=* - year of completion
  • abandoned=yes - if the structure has been abandoned and shows signs of decay
  • ruins=yes - if the structure is in ruins

Diagrams

  • Star fort
    Star fort
  • Glacis
    Glacis
  • Counterguard and couvreface
    Counterguard and couvreface
  • A bastion with three cavaliers
    A bastion with three cavaliers
  • Curtain walls of a bastion fort
    Curtain walls of a bastion fort
  • A crownwork (A) and a lunette (B)
    A crownwork (A) and a lunette (B)
  •  Redan and flèche
     Redan and flèche

References

  1. ↑ https://www.angelfire.com/wy/svenskildbiter/madict.html
  2. ↑ https://books.google.nl/books?id=6gc0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PR41-IA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
  3. ↑ https://books.google.nl/books?id=AUFYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP3#v=onepage&q&f=false
  4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms#Engineering
  5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fortification_(architectural_elements)
  6. ↑ https://books.google.nl/books?id=6gc0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA122
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