The voltage and current adjustments work differently depending on the mode of operation (assuming the power supply supports both modes of operation).
(1) For constant voltage mode (power supply acts as a voltage source), the voltage adjustment sets the output voltage and the current adjustment sets the current limit.
This means that the power supply will output the set voltage as long as the connected circuit "draws" less than the current limit setting. When the output current reaches the limit, the power supply will reduce the output voltage to whatever is required to keep the output current at that limit.
(2) For constant current mode (the power supply acts as a current source, the current adjustment sets the output current and the voltage adjustment sets the voltage limit.
This means that the power supply will output the set current as long as the output voltage is less than voltage limit setting. When the output voltage reaches the limit, the power supply will reduce the output current to whatever is required to keep the output voltage at that limit.