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I implemented a modulator for a transmitter, which sends baseband modulated signal.

The transmitter has the following parameters:

  1. datarate : 520 Ksps (min), 64,44 Msps (max)
  2. Bandwidth: BW = 56 MHz (max)
  3. 47 MHz to 6 GHz

Of course, with my design probably I can not reach max data rate, that is why I want to compute the data rate which I can design with my design in this transmitter.

The modulator:

  1. oversampling ratio \$V = 4\$
  2. nonlinear modulation

I remember I can compute datarate \$R\$ by using the following equation $$ R= 2 \cdot BW \cdot \log_2 M, $$ where \$M\$ is modulation level. In my case, I don't know the modulation level.

Do I have another option to compute the data rate I can reach?

winny
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AD23
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  • "M is modulation level": M is the number of possible symbols you can transmit. Then, each of these symbols "carries" \$\log_2 M\$ bits. The assumption that you can transmit twice the bandwidth in symbols is a strong one, and one that we don't usually make. – Marcus Müller May 30 '22 at 09:40
  • Modulation level is something you can adjust in order to balance data rate with noise immunity. Do you know about constellation diagrams? A generic transmitter transmits points on the constellation diagram, and noise randomly moves those points around. You can divide up the constellation space into points with enough space between them so that if noise corrupts one, it can still be recognized a certain percentage of the time (perhaps 99.999999%, or 1-in-100-million mistakes). This depends on the noise level. and available signal power. – user253751 May 30 '22 at 09:41
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    @user253751 since they specify "nonlinear modulation", I'd assume we can talk about symbols, but not necessarily about constellation points (unless you count e.g. a CP-FSK frequency deviation sequence of \$k\$ deviations a constellation point in \$k\$-dimensional space). – Marcus Müller May 30 '22 at 09:47
  • It's a bit surprising, AD23, to already know you're using a nonlinear modulation on this channel. Seems a bad choice to make at this point, and also, a choice particularly *not* done by systems with your bandwidth below 6 GHz, for good reason. – Marcus Müller May 30 '22 at 09:48
  • @MarcusMüller I simulate nonlinear modulator, the transmitter with the characteristic in the question I have for transmission the output of the modulator. – AD23 May 30 '22 at 10:31
  • yeah, your simulation is plain meaningless if you don't define channel characteristics. And you can't choose transceiver characteristics (and \$M\$ is part of that) without defining your maximum acceptable BER. You need to define your problem space before starting to simulate, or else you're not going to simulate anything. – Marcus Müller May 30 '22 at 10:33

1 Answers1

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You need to define \$M\$. It's not something you can calculate from anything else that you're given.

Obviously, increasing it gives you more data per symbol, which gives you more data per second, but that only works until the differences between the symbols are small enough compared to noise that your error rate becomes higher than you can, including your channel coding, tolerate.

So, you will need to define:

  1. Worst-case SNR you still need to work at
  2. Maximum acceptable error rate at that SNR. This will depend on the channel code you choose and your application's needs. There's never a 0-error transmission, that's mathematically impossible in the presence of noise, so you will need to sit down and come up with a number like "It's OK if one in xxxxx bits is wrong"
  3. A BER curve for each of your candidates for \$M\$, which relates error rate to SNR.
  4. Pick an \$M\$ that still achieves the error rate at the given SNR.

Often, you have to try a few combinations between modulation methods, \$M\$ and channel codes.

Marcus Müller
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  • if you speak about SNR, BER...I will need to implement a complete channel with a transmitter and a receiver, right? I am looking for a method how I can compute it without noise, BER, because I research only the transmitter side, without channel and a receiver. So...I have an input data signal and nonlinear modulator with baseband signal output and a chip as a transmitter of the ouptut baseband modulated signal. – AD23 May 30 '22 at 10:28
  • you don't need to implement that, you need to model that. You can't build a transceiver without knowing what your channel is and without knowing how many bit errors you can tolerate! This really makes no sense. You're proposing a solution without knowing the problem. That's not how engineering works :) – Marcus Müller May 30 '22 at 10:29
  • “You're proposing a solution without knowing the problem. That's not how engineering works” Sadly, that is how it works now. Just hack something until it works in the ideal case, then quickly move on until someone notices. There’s a reason it’s referred to as “development” rather than “engineering”. You just wait to see what “develops” :-( – TimB May 30 '22 at 14:07
  • "until it works" still requires a problem to solve :) Here, the question was "how to find an \$M\?" and for that you will, indeed, need to have some idea of the problem you're trying to solve, @TimB :) – Marcus Müller May 30 '22 at 14:28
  • I am trying to understand and I am totally confused...sorry :( I have a modulated signal( output of a modulator), I add a noise ( "channel") and now without implementation a process of a receiver side I compute BER, right? – AD23 Jun 07 '22 at 06:09
  • no, BER is a property of a transceiver system. Without an actual receiver, there's no received bits, and thus, not received Bit Error Rate (BER). – Marcus Müller Jun 07 '22 at 07:40
  • So I need a receiver implementation , right? – AD23 Jun 07 '22 at 07:51
  • to measure a BER, yes. – Marcus Müller Jun 07 '22 at 08:14
  • and I need a demodulator :(.... can be `sign`-function used? – AD23 Jun 07 '22 at 09:35
  • your question makes no sense, a sign function is not a demodulator. – Marcus Müller Jun 07 '22 at 09:46