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schematic

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

Suppose Vs = |Vs| (angle 0) and Vload = |Vload|exp(jθ).

'Because Vs has an angle of 0, θ must be negative in order for real power (P) to flow'

Why is the above statement true? Does real power only flow from large to small angled voltage phasors?

Thanks

Alema416
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  • pf defines the real power which depends on matching the phase angle received after inductive source. The capacitor attempts to balance the inductive load to match the conjugate impedance of the supply which may result in either polarity of Vload phase. Both L and C store energy so balancing the net phase of V/I results in max real/total VAR = pf. Conjugate Impedance means ZL2//ZC = -ZL1 is matched for max pf. From source. – Tony Stewart EE75 Jun 11 '21 at 14:06
  • Hi @TonyStewartEE75, does that relate to his question? – relayman357 Jun 11 '21 at 14:50
  • @relayman357. Phase angle must be negative for real power in load? ? Yes that’s what I answered (No) however supply power is always negative. You can also control power by changing source frequency to lead or lag phase – Tony Stewart EE75 Jun 11 '21 at 14:58

1 Answers1

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Real power flow (Watts) is dominantly controlled by angular differences, flowing from leading angles toward lagging as you surmised. This assumes a system where all bus voltages are reasonably near 1 p.u. and relatively small angles. Likewise, reactive power (var) is dominantly controlled by voltage magnitudes, flowing from higher voltage toward lower.

Start reading at section 2.4 here about decoupled load flow for details.

enter image description here

Referring to the circuit above (with \$X=X_G+X_S\$) the power flow equations are,

$$P = \frac{EVsin\theta}{X}$$

$$Q = \frac{E^2-EVcos\theta}{X}$$

So, looking at \$P\$ we can see that in a system where the bus voltages are near 1 p.u. varying the angle \$\theta\$ will control real power flow.

Looking at \$Q\$ we can see that for normal angular differences (few degrees) between buses the reactive power flow is controlled by varying the bus voltages.

relayman357
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