The answer seems obvious (frequencies restricted by chips) but I'm looking for a clear and accurate explanation. Several examples of SDR projects connecting an SDR dongle to a smartphone are available on the web, such as here or here etc. Thing is, the SDR dongle is not required to demodulate, otherwise I could not listen to my favorite FM station using nothing more than my headphones as an antenna (without mentioning the actual GSM/4G... bands), as I've done myself. Another webpage explores the possibility of converting smartphones for radio communications, while suggesting the smartphone limitations:
"Despite the progress, the smartphones still could not communicate with handheld devices running the frequencies because the phones support different bands"
A short SO post indeed suggests the frequencies supported by a smartphone are very limited by the chips within it:
" a device manufacturer has those, and none of those will have anything to do with changing the frequency, as those are fixed by the chipset manufacture"
Therefore I ask the question: what exactly limits the possibilities of using my smartphone as an SDR, for example with my headphones as an antenna, to listen to other frequencies than FM radio stations (typically CB, VHF 144-146 MHz, PMR 446 MHz) ? Would the setup theoretically work but not well enough ? What would limit the demodulation capabilities of my smartphone, when not helped by an SDR dongle ? What are the limits exactly ? There is a lot of information available on SDR online but I'm still a little confused, hence my question here (not sure if this belongs here or should rather be posted on SO/signal processing stack exchange Q&A).