I am looking for an explanation what that component does inside of that circuit. It can be found on page 3 of the Datasheet of ADP5091: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/ADP5091-5092.pdf
It would help me out a lot. Thank you in advance!
From the block diagram and page 16
The switching mode synchronous boost regulator, with an external inductor connected between the VIN and the SW pins, operates in pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode, transferring energy stored in the input capacitor to the energy storage connected to the BAT pin. The MPPT control loop regulates the VIN voltage at the level sampled at the MPPT pin and stored at the capacitor through the CBP and the AGND pins. To maintain the high efficiency of the regulator across a wide input power range, the current sense circuitry employs an internal dither peak current limit to control the inductor current.
Also,
The boost regulator and regulated output in hysteresis boost mode in the ADP5091/ADP5092 includes current-limit protection circuitry to limit the amount of positive current flowing through the low-side boost switch
