"I am told" -- this is unnecessary. You need to read the actual data sheet of the part (as opposed to the catalog listing you gave).
That data sheet calls out a bias voltage from 100V to 250V (see the first line, second paragraph, "Applications Notes" section, first page).
So, yes, you need a circuit that is either supplied with 200V (I'm going to use "200V" to mean "100-250V" here), or that generates 200V. I could not find a rating for how much current you need to supply at 200V, but the data sheet calls out a 390k\$\Omega\$ current limiting resistor to protect the transimpediance amplifier. This would have a short-circuit current of \$\frac{200\mathrm{V}}{390\mathrm{k}\Omega} = 513\mu\mathrm{A}\$. That's just 1/10th of a watt of power, so it's within the realm of possibility to generate it on-board from your 5-11V VCC, using a square inch of board space or less for one receiver (you don't state whether you want eight on one board, which would allow you to make a central HV supply, or need eight separate boards).
A photomultiplier tube also needs high voltages, and signal conditioning -- I'm not sure what they operate at, but I would expect it's at least in the hundreds of volts. So you'd have the same issues of voltage generation.