I'd like to start understanding how deep my microcontroller's stack goes (even if it's only an estimation).
How can I do this using MPLAB X?
Video: MPLAB X TV Call Graph
The call stack window provides a way to view the subroutine calls and interrupts that have occurred to bring the program to its current position.
To view the call stack, select from the main menu: Window ▸ Debugging ▸ Call Stack or use the keyboard shortcut Alt+Shift+3.